With the introduction of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, the vulnerabilities of disadvantaged people were recognized by international actors. Across the globe, people continue to endure intersecting forms of hardship linked to their gender and ethnic identity, displacement, age, and poverty. The Rohingyas living in Bangladesh are considered one of the most vulnerable groups whose circumstances keeps deteriorating amid a protracted refugee situation. As the protracted situation continues, regional political indicators suggest that the prospect of securing a durable solution in the near future seems quite impossible. This paper examines a nexus between the aims of SDGs and the necessity for the realization of right to development of vulnerable populations, focusing on the Rohingyas in Bangladesh and discover their potential for societal and economic contribution in a protracted situation. The paper explores the right to work as a fundamental aspect of the right to development and analyzes judicial interpretations recognizing the right to work in protracted displacement. The final section of the paper assesses the extent to which the Leaving No One Behind (LNOB) principle has been implemented in recognizing the right to work of Rohingya populations in Bangladesh, evaluates the legal obligations of Bangladesh being a host state, and advances timely recommendations.