Articles
BANGLADESH IN A PERMANENT STATE OF EXCEPTION? A CRITICAL INQUIRY THROUGH AN AGAMBENIAN LENS
This article examines how the legal and political order of Bangladesh operates based on ‘state of exception’ as theorized by Giorgio Agamben. It argues that Bangladesh has transitioned from constitutional framework of emergency powers to a permanent state of exception, where extraordinary measures are normalized within ordinary governance. It situates recent events within an architecture of preventive detention, digital surveillance, and extrajudicial repression, all deployed without any formal proclamation of emergency. Through a critical adaptation of Agamben’s formulations of sovereignty, bare life and the camp to the postcolonial context, the article traces the genealogy of exception to colonial technologies of governance and their reinforcement through global counter-terrorism discourses. In doing so, it demonstrates how political dissidents, refugees, and disadvantaged urban citizens are ruled in zones of legal abandonment. The paper concludes that this entrenched exceptionalism is a weakening force for democracy, fundamental rights, and the rule of law, calling for legal reform along with decolonial transformation.